tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6886680068187530519.post2018200867614564331..comments2024-02-07T23:25:07.429-06:00Comments on Bell Beaker Blogger: A Week of DNA, some falloutbellbeakerbloggerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01848982163843593127noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6886680068187530519.post-35397577358465529332017-04-21T08:22:20.299-05:002017-04-21T08:22:20.299-05:00There are two key apparent facts. One is the asso...There are two key apparent facts. One is the association of y chromosome haplogroup R1b with Bell Beakers, people living on the South Russian steppes just North of the Caucasus Mountains, at Samara on the Volga River near the South Ural Mountains and as part of the Afanasievo culture adjacent to the Altai mountains. The other is the connection of these people with the emergence of the bronze age. The increasing importance of metal meant a need for long distance trade and for people who specialized in working with the metal. The first major European culture centered on bronze was at Maikop. The most likely logic was a source in the Caucasus Mountains of copper mixed naturally with the right amount of arsenic to form a good bronze alloy. The Maikop people were very likely to have been R1b. Increased mobility was both a requirement and a consequence of the bronze age. Better metal lead to better tools, ox drawn wagons, and better boats. No doubt the people who spread across the steps from Samara to the Altai Mountains lived off cattle. But their motivation in settling near the mountains probably had more to do with its metal ore than with its grass. There is no doubt about the utility of late bronze age boats. Agamemnon brought 1,000 of them to Troy. The bronze age wreck found at Uluburun carried 20 tons of metal. Maritime trade between the Aegean and the Black Sea was the logic of Troy's location. Troy goes back to 3,000 BCE. The Bell Beakers were spread along the Western Mediterranean Coast of France and Spain, the Atlantic Coast, and the European river system. They were people who brought the bronze age to Western Europe and who were involved in the commercial activities it generated. They appeared at a time around 2500 BCE long after the bronze age emerged at Maikop. There probably never will be any certain way to know their source. But, the obvious one given their genetics and their mobility is the Northern shore of the Black Sea where a metal based economy was already a thousand years or so old.David Jacobsonhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17754571798634077368noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6886680068187530519.post-61149993732471506652017-03-06T19:05:50.706-06:002017-03-06T19:05:50.706-06:00Well I would emphasis that it is the earliest catt...Well I would emphasis that it is the earliest cattle in the area regardless if goats dominant remains. And honestly El Hiello was probably settled in the Iron Age by Atlas Berbers, but my main point is really time and distance.bellbeakerbloggerhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01848982163843593127noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6886680068187530519.post-20471174096411585242017-03-06T18:22:07.505-06:002017-03-06T18:22:07.505-06:00However goat herding was dominant in Afansievo, w...However goat herding was dominant in Afansievo, was it not ?Robhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/07166839601638241857noreply@blogger.com