Not to be outdone, another big Czech cemetery at
Slaného na Kladensku in Bohemia. Via
Ceska televize 24,
Tyden.cz, and
Denik.cz
So far there is about fifty Bell Beaker graves in this cemetery. They are described as deep, timber-lined graves. There is a wealth of artifacts including the typical beakers and archery equipment. As reported in Tyden, the archaeologists note that the gold spiral earrings of the woman are the oldest examples yet found in any Beaker context.
Drahomira Malykova and Prague Archaeological Institute AV CR are doing the rescue excavations. Remains from a previously excavated cemetery of Brandysek in Slany were recently included in a paper on the osteological dimensions of archery by
Ryan et al, 2018. Two individuals from Brandysek were analyzed in Allentoft, 2015, but they were later excluded from further analysis after being dated to a later period.
I send you a brief description that the archaeologists made of the tomb of the Golden Lady-Humanejos-
ReplyDeleteI do not know if you've read it
Tomb No. 4 (2.395 BC) - Irregular large-scale (3.2 x 3.5 meters) with two holes to hold wooden poles where an adult woman of 25/35 years was buried, in primary position left lateral decubitus and flexed on which cinnabar was sprinkled- Hap Mit- H4a1a + 195-Grave goods- A necklace with 44 ivory bitroncoconic beads, 15 tubular gold pearls that seem to be attached to the hair, three ivory buttons V perforated,one copper tanged dagger, one axl, a campaniform beaker and a casserole both of dotted-geometric style- Under the accumulation of stones that sealed the tomb appeared a set of smooth campaniform containers that were not part of the grave goods, but they have been interpreted as part of the ceremonies that followed the ritual of closing the tomb- Large Campaniform storage vessel, a casserole, and a medium hemispherical bowl that in turn contained two little vessels.
The remains of the banquet, a kind of stew of fish and meat, beer and mead- In many sites of the Castilian plateau, it is demonstrated that the relatives celebrated a banquet to dismiss the dead. They made the pottery for the occasion (the archaeologists have realized that the same person made the ceramics because the manufacturing defects are repeated in different vessels). The tombs are individual (man/woman/children) double, or collective (members of the family).
The bodies were buried in pits, artificial caves or hypogea, and a structure was built with stone walls and a plant roof supported by two wooden poles. The tomb was visited, and after a while it was closed forever celebrating another banquet.
The grave goods are very rich and the men are both R1b-P312 and I2a, all with wristguards, axes, Palmela points, daggers (some nailed ti the ground). Some metals preserve the wood used to hold weapons (juniper)
Humanejos is next on my list of blogposts, but before I do that I will probably get two or three posts out of the way, one on an Aquitanian cemetery and the Beer story which should be a good transition into Humanejos and Camino de Yeseras.
DeleteTomb No. 5- Hypogeum with a double burial, a male (Individual No. 1-2.389 BC) - HapY-I2a2a- Hap Mitochondrial-K1a1b1, aged 35/45 years who had suffered the loss of several molars with alveolar reabsorption and that was sprinkled with cinnabar and another male (Individual No. 2-2.437 BC) aged 35/45 years, both in left lateral decubitus- Individual No. 1 had two concentric circular bands of cinnabar that had impregnated his skull that make evident that this person was buried with a kind of cap on which cinnabar was used in two parallel bands as a decorative motif- Grave Goods- A geometric-dotted style vessel. Individual No. 2 was also sprinkled with cinnabar.Gra goods-A maritime-style vessel, a casserole, two smooth bowls, a geometric-tipped beaker, a copper dagger in a vertical position with the tip pinned to the earth. As offerings during the ritual of closing the burial appeared a geometric dotted glass vessel a flat copper ax and a storage glass with decoration of ungulations throughout its surface inside which were found a bowl and a smooth casserole
ReplyDeleteWe already knew that cinnabar was also used to dye clothes, but we did not know that they wore colored caps
The introduction of the Ciempozuelos style is some years after the Maritime style, but its adoption did not change the burial customs of the Castilian BB chalcolithic- I think it is important to think that men are buried in the same way regardless of whether they were I2a or R1b-P312, which rules out any kind of violent vision of history. In other words, if R1b-P312 came from the north of the Pyrenees, it adapted perfectly to local customs, and probably only men entered Iberia, because all the Mit-Haps are typical of the Iberian Neolithic.
ReplyDeletethat is the facial reconstruction of a BB of the Plateau Castellana (2,000 bc)
ReplyDeletehttps://www.lanzadigital.com/provincia/terrinches/luciano-un-hombre-prehistorico-de-hace-4-000-anos-se-presenta-ante-sus-vecinos-de-terrinches/
Cool, I'll post this as well. Thanks for sending
DeleteTomb nº 1- A man and a woman were buried sprinkled with cinnabar (2,300 BC) - The man was buried with a wristguard fastened on his left arm, a halberd with remains of the wooden handle, two spearheads Palmela type, a copper tanged dagger, a punch and several vessels Ciempozuelos style-
ReplyDeleteThe important thing about the tomb is that it contains a very old halberd weighing 438 grams with an archaic rivet handle. This type of halberd in European BB deposits only exists in the tomb 128 of Szigetszentmiklós (hungary), reason why Patay (2,012) makes it derive from contacts with Western Europe. This reinforces the idea of Iberian migrations to eastern Europe and their mixture with local indigenous populations, as they also indicate the uniparentales markers of the Hungarian BBs and their high percentage of autosomal Iberian component.
Except that Olalde et al ruled out "the idea of Iberian migrations to eastern Europe and their mixture with local indigenous populations". Reich talks about that in his book, Who We Are and How We Got Here, when he attributes the initial spread of BB culture to the movement of ideas, not people.
ReplyDeleteGuess this is the blog for people who have been banned from Anthrogenica but who have a preference for an Iberian origin for Bell Beaker.
ReplyDelete