"Beaker World and Otherness" (Turek, 2016)

Real life Bell Beaker culture existed in a world with other cultures.  Some of those other cultures in Europe rejected it and did their own thing.  Some embraced parts of it.  Outside Europe there appears to be trends and influences that tell of a world that is far more connected than commonly assumed.

Userkaf, 5th Dynasty (2494 to 2487 B.C.)

When considering that cultural and ethnic Bell Beakers inhabited pockets within two continents and most of the islands of the Western Mediterranean, we might see their participation in, or influence on, international trends at that time. 

Beyond the 'Beaker package' which is itself international in origin, the ideology and cosmology of Beakers appear to be part of a trend that affects many regions.  Turek examines some of these...


"THE BEAKER WORLD AND OTHERNESS OF THE EARLY CIVILIZATIONS" Jan Turek, MUSAICA ARCHAEOLOGICA 1/2016 l 155-162 [Link]

Abstract: Recently I have discussed the question of genesis and spread of the Bell Beaker Phenomenon and its cultural impact on its periphery and neighbourhood (Turek 2011; 2013; 2014). In this paper I would like to look at the Bell Beaker World from the outer
side. The social processes that we are able to reconstruct for the 3rd Millennium Europe were, however, not isolated from the civilization development in other parts of the Old World. From the point of view of the first civilization centres the European Continent has
to be seen as a periphery. The main purpose of this article is to compare the different civilization aspects within the proto-historical early state formations of Near East and North East Africa and within the Mediterranean and Continental European communities.